表贴式永磁同步电机直接转矩控制变幅值预测控制研究

基于以电压矢量幅值为变量的表贴式永磁同步电机(SPMSM)磁链和转矩方程,采用预测控制计算得出施加不同电压矢量幅值的下一时刻磁链和转矩值,选择使磁链和转矩误差目标函数最小的电压矢量幅值作为最优值,从而确定下一时刻施加的电压矢量。仿真结果表明:在电压矢量变幅值预测下,SPMSM直接转矩控制(DTC)系统运行良好,定子磁链轨迹为理想圆,磁链和转矩均符合控制要求,转速跟踪良好,定子电流波形正弦。预测控制需要从备选电压矢量幅值集合中选择最优幅值。理论上,备选电压矢量幅值个数越多,系统优化效果越好,但也带来更大的计算负担。研究了9种等分电压矢量情况下变幅值预测控制系统的控制效果。根据控制效果和计算负担,提出变幅值预测控制将电压矢量幅值三等分较为理想。     

四相横向磁通永磁电机的三电平滞环电流控制

以新型四相横向磁通永磁电机为研究对象,利用MATLAB/Simulink软件平台以及Simpower System工具箱,对闭环控制系统进行了研究。在传统双闭环调速控制基础上,为滞环电流控制环引入零电平,将滞环分为上滞环和下滞环。综合考虑开关频率与电流THD确定合适的滞环环宽,并根据偏差电流值与滞环环宽比较值得到逆变器控制信号。通过仿真得到各种工况下的电机运行数据,说明该控制方法能够对四相横向磁通永磁电机进行有效控制。     

翼身融合布局飞机机体-发动机气动干扰效应

翼身融合（BWB）布局飞机是一种相对较新的飞行器概念，具有商业运输飞机的潜在用途。研究表明，翼身融合布局客机可获得比常规布局客机更好的性能。但是，由于各方面限制，BWB飞机不宜使用传统的机翼安装或机身安装的发动机布局，发动机背部安装成为首选布局。然而，背部安装发动机容易产生激波、分离、进气畸变等空气动力干扰问题，发动机与机身一体化的气动设计已成为BWB飞机发展的关键技术。针对BWB布局飞机的机体和发动机之间的气动干扰进行了数值研究，结果表明，背部安装发动机对BWB布局飞机的全机气动特性和发动机本身的推力性能都会产生较为明显的影响。     

A modern robust approach to remotely estimate chlorophyll in coastal and inland zones

The chlorophyll concentration of a water body is an important proxy for representing the phytoplankton biomass. Its estimation from multi or hyper-spectral remote sensing data in natural waters is generally achieved by using (i) the waveband ratioing in two or more bands in the blue-green or (ii) by using a combination of the radiance peak position and magnitude in the red-near-infrared (NIR) spectrum. The blue-green ratio algorithms have been extensively used with satellite ocean color data to investigate chlorophyll distributions in open ocean and clear waters and the application of red-NIR algorithms is often restricted to turbid productive water bodies. These issues present the greatest obstacles to our ability to formulate a modern robust method suitable for quantitative assessments of the chlorophyll concentration in a diverse range of water types. The present study is focused to investigate the normalized water-leaving radiance spectra in the visible and NIR region and propose a robust algorithm (Generalized ABI, GABI algorithm) for chlorophyll concentration retrieval based on Algal Bloom index (ABI) which separates phytoplankton signals from other constituents in the water column. The GABI algorithm is validated using independent in-situ data from various regional to global waters and its performance is further evaluated by comparison with the blue-green waveband ratios and red-NIR algorithms. The results revealed that GABI yields significantly more accurate chlorophyll concentrations (with uncertainties less than 13.5%) and remains more stable in different waters types when compared with the blue-green waveband ratios and red-NIR algorithms. The performance of GABI is further demonstrated using HICO images from nearshore turbid productive waters and MERIS and MODIS-Aqua images from coastal and offshore waters of the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and East China Sea.     

Multi-level virtual prototyping of electromechanical actuation system for more electric aircraft

Electromechanical actuators (EMAs) are becoming increasingly attractive in the field of more electric aircraft because of their outstanding benefits, which include reduced fuel burn and maintenance cost, enhanced system flexibility, and improved management of fault detection and isolation. However, electromechanical actuation raises specific issues when being used for safety-critical aerospace applications like flight controls: huge reflected inertia to load, jamming-type failure, and increase of backlash with service due to wear and local dissipation of heat losses for thermal balance. This study proposes an incremental approach for virtual prototyping of EMAs. It is driven by a model-based system engineering process in order to enable simulation-aided design. Best practices supported by Bond graph formalism are suggested to develop a model’s structure efficiently and to make the model ready for use (or extension) by addressing the above mentioned issues. Physical effects are progressively introduced, and the realism of lumped-parameter models is increased step-by-step. In particular, multi-level component models are architected to ensure continuity between engineering activities. The models are implemented in the AMESim simulation environment, and simulation responses are given to illustrate how they can be used for preliminary sizing, control design, thermal balance verification, and faults to failure analysis. The proposed best practices intend to provide engineers with fast, reusable, and efficient means to assess performance virtually and enhance maturity, performance, and robustness.     

展向离散抽吸法控制边界层转捩实验研究

通过实验成功发展了一种生成大振幅稳定条带的有效方法,即展向离散抽吸方法。在此基础上,开展条带控制边界层转捩的研究。实验在水洞中进行,以零压力梯度平板边界层为研究对象,利用氢气泡时间线法观测引入条带前后人工激发转捩边界层中扰动发展变化,分析条带对转捩的控制效果及参数影响。结果表明,展向离散抽吸方法生成的稳定条带最大振幅可达28.4%U（U为自由流速度）;实验中引入的宽度14和28mm的稳定条带都能起到抑制转捩的作用;条带振幅越大、宽度越窄,抑制效果越明显。研究结果为探索降低水/空气中航行器摩阻的新技术提供有价值的参考。     

微分法在定位误差分析与计算中的应用

介绍了微分法分析计算定位误差的原理和适用范围,通过生产实例分析,证明了该方法在解决多误差因素定位误差分析与计算中的简便与快捷,从而有效简化了复杂定位方案定位误差的分析与计算,提高了夹具的设计效率。     

Predicting performance in manually controlled rendezvous and docking through spatial abilities

Manually controlled rendezvous and docking (manual RVD) is a challenging space task for astronauts. This study aims to identify spatial abilities that are critical for accomplishing manual RVD. Based on task analysis, spatial abilities were deduced to be critical for accomplishing manual RVD. 15 Male participants performed manual RVD task simulations and spatial ability tests (the object-manipulation spatial ability and spatial orientation ability). Participants’ performance in the test of visualization of viewpoints (which measures the spatial orientation ability) was found to be significantly correlated with their manual RVD performance, indicating that the spatial orientation ability in the sense of perspective taking is particularly important for accomplishing manual RVD.     

分布式容错配电系统设计与仿真

阐述了分布式容错配电系统的功能需求及构型设计,完成了分布式容错配电仿真验证系统的研制,并进行了试验验证。结果表明:系统运行可靠,控制逻辑正确,系统设计满足功能要求。     

从城市规划与发展角度对军民合用机场的反思——以济宁曲阜机场为例

以济宁曲阜机场为例,结合菏泽机场规划,说明了济宁曲阜机场存在机场位置与旅游景区位置发生偏离、对济宁城市空间扩展引导不足、限制菏泽机场规划、影响济宁综合交通枢纽建设以及机场容量无法满足旅客量增长等问题,这些问题具有一定的普遍意义,希望能促进规划和决策者对军民合用这一机场建设方式采取更为谨慎的态度.